7515 رؤية

Mohammed Abdul Moiz

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  • Mohammed Abdul Moiz
    Mohammed Abdul Moiz أصدر مقالا : Is violence is Muslim Monopoly?

    By Juan Cole, Juan Cole is Richard P. Mitchell Collegiate Professor of History at the University 

    of Michigan

    Contrary to what is alleged by bigots like Bill Maher, Muslims are not more violent than people 

    of other religions. Murder rates in most of the Muslim world are very low compared to the 

    United States.

    As for political violence, people of Christian heritage in the twentieth century polished off tens 

    of millions of people in the two world wars and colonial repression. This massive carnage did not 

    occur because European Christians are worse than or different from other human beings, but 

    because they were the first to industrialize war and pursue a national model. Sometimes it is 

    argued that they did not act in the name of religion but of nationalism. But, really, how naive. 

    Religion and nationalism are closely intertwined. The British monarch is the head of the Church 

    of England, and that still meant something in the first half of the twentieth century, at least. The 

    Swedish church is a national church. Spain? Was it really unconnected to Catholicism? Did the 

    Church and Francisco Franco’s feelings toward it play no role in the Civil War? And what’s 

    sauce for the goose: much Muslim violence is driven by forms of modern nationalism, too.

    I don’t figure that Muslims killed more than a 2 million people or so in political violence in the 

    entire twentieth century, and that mainly in the Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 and the Soviet and 

    post-Soviet wars in Afghanistan, for which Europeans bear some blame.

    Compare that to the Christian European tally of, oh, lets say 100 million (16 million in WW I, 60 

    million in WW II– though some of those were attributable to Buddhists in Asia– and millions 

    more in colonial wars.)

    relviolence

    Belgium– yes, the Belgium of strawberry beer and quaint Gravensteen castle– conquered the 

    Congo and is estimated to have killed off half of its inhabitants over time, some 8 million people 

    at least.

    Or, between 1916-1930 Tsarist Russian and then Soviet forces — facing the revolt of Central 

    Asians trying to throw off Christian (and then Marxist), European rule — Russian forces killed 

    an estimated 1.5 million people. Two boys brought up in or born in one of those territories 

    (Kyrgyzstan) just killed 4 people and wounded others critically. That is horrible, but no one, 

    whether in Russia or in Europe or in North America has the slightest idea that Central Asians 

    were mass-murdered during WW I and before and after, and looted of much of their wealth. 

    Russia when it brutally conquered and ruled the Caucasus and Central Asia was an Eastern 

    Orthodox, Christian empire (and seems to be reemerging as one!).

    Then, between half a million and a million Algerians died in that country’s war of independence 

    from France, 1954-1962, at a time when the population was only 11 million!

    I could go on and on. Everywhere you dig in European colonialism in Afro-Asia, there are 

    bodies. Lots of bodies.

    Now that I think of it, maybe 100 million people killed by people of European Christian heritage 

    in the twentieth century is an underestimate.

    As for religious terrorism, that too is universal. Admittedly, some groups deploy terrorism as a 

    tactic more at some times than others. Zionists in British Mandate Palestine were active 

    terrorists in the 1940s, from a British point of view, and in the period 1965-1980, the FBI 

    considered the Jewish Defense League among the most active US terrorist groups. (Members at 

    one point plotted to assassinate Rep. Dareell Issa (R-CA) because of his Lebanese heritage.) 

    Now that Jewish nationalsts are largely getting their way, terrorism has declined among them. 

    But it would likely reemerge if they stopped getting their way. In fact, one of the arguments 

    Israeli politicians give for allowing Israeli squatters to keep the Palestinian land in the West 

    Bank that they have usurped is that attempting to move them back out would produce violence. 

    I.e., the settlers not only actually terrorize the Palestinians, but they form a terrorism threat for 

    Israel proper (as the late prime minister Yitzhak Rabin discovered).

    Even more recently, it is difficult for me to see much of a difference between Tamerlan Tsarnaev 

    and Baruch Goldstein, perpetrator of the Hebron massacre.

    Or there was the cold-blooded bombing of the Ajmer shrine in India by Bhavesh Patel and a 

    gang of Hindu nationalists. Chillingly, they were disturbed when a second bomb they had set did 

    not go off, so that they did not wreak as much havoc as they would have liked. Ajmer is an 

    ecumenical Sufi shrine also visited by Hindus, and these bigots wanted to stop such open-minded 

    sharing of spiritual spaces because they hate Muslims.

    Buddhists have committed a lot of terrorism and other violence as well. Many in the Zen orders 

    in Japan supported militarism in the first half of the twentieth century, for which their leaders 

    later apologized. And, you had Inoue Shiro’s assassination campaign in 1930s Japan. Nowadays 

    militant Buddhist monks in Burma/ Myanmar are urging on an ethnic cleansing campaign 

    against the Rohingya.

    As for Christianity, the Lord’s Resistance Army in Uganda initiated hostilitiesthat displaced two 

    million people. Although it is an African cult, it is Christian in origin and the result of Western 

    Christian missionaries preaching in Africa. If Saudi Wahhabi preachers can be in part blamed 

    for the Taliban, why do Christian missionaries skate when we consider the blowback from their 

    pupils?

    Despite the very large number of European Muslims, in 2007-2009 less than 1 percent of 

    terrorist acts in that continent were committed by people from that community.

    Terrorism is a tactic of extremists within each religion, and within secular religions of Marxism 

    or nationalism. No religion, including Islam, preaches indiscriminate violence against innocents.

    It takes a peculiar sort of blindness to see Christians of European heritage as “nice” and 

    Muslims and inherently violent, given the twentieth century death toll I mentioned above. 

    Human beings are human beings and the species is too young and too interconnected to have 

    differentiated much from group to group. People resort to violence out of ambition or 

    grievance, and the more powerful they are, the more violence they seem to commit. The good 

    news is that the number of wars is declining over time, and World War II, the biggest charnel 

    house in history, hasn’t been repeated.